Hope in troubled times: protecting the fire salamander in Flanders
The fire salamander is one of the largest salamanders in Europe and prefers to live in moist deciduous forests intersected by small streams. It is a priority species in Flemish nature policy, but fungal diseases in surrounding regions and countries pose a serious threat. This increases the need to protect our populations. We were commissioned by the Agency for Nature and Forests (ANB) to investigate the status of Flemish populations and draw up management guidelines.
Catch-recapture studies in sixteen populations showed great variation in densities and genetic diversity. While some populations have more than a thousand animals per hectare, others are small and genetically impoverished. Habitat research indicated the importance of a low gradient, micro-relief, suitable reproduction waters and a slowly decomposing humus layer. Climate change appears to negatively influence the growth of newts, which makes climate-robust forest management essential.
In the case of forest conversion, we recommend proceeding gradually in order to preserve the forest climate. We also recommend protecting breeding waters and creating additional water habitats such as forest pools. Buffer strips and diversion ditches around their habitat should limit the supply of erosion material and nutrients.
Prioritisation based on population density, genetic diversity and habitat quality led to site-specific guidelines and translocation plans. In situ translocations are preferred if high-quality habitats are available. This study emphasises the importance of targeted measures for the conservation of this iconic species.
Image above: fire salamander (photo Jeroen Speybroeck)
